Waterbok Appearance
Physical Traits of the Waterbok
The waterbok is a large antelope with a long, shaggy coat. The coat ranges from brownish grey to reddish brown, with darker tones on the back and lower legs. Males show deeper colour than females. The ears are white with black tips, and a white stripe runs from the eyebrow to the muzzle. A white ring surrounds the lips, and a white collar stretches across the throat.
Only males carry horns. These horns are heavily ringed, curve backward, and then curve forward at the top. Horns measure 50–99 cm (19–39 in). Body length ranges from 177–235 cm (69–93 in), the tail measures 33–40 cm (13–16 in), and shoulder height ranges from 120–136 cm (47–54 in). Males weigh 200–300 kg (441–661 lb), and females weigh 160–200 kg (353–441 lb).
Where Waterbok Live
Habitat, Feeding Patterns and Daily Activity
Waterbok live in wooded areas, savannahs and valleys close to water. They appear across most of sub-Saharan Africa and prefer habitats with a mix of trees and open grassland. They stay near water throughout the year.
Waterbok feed mainly on grasses and herbs, including reeds and rushes, and they supplement their diet with leaves and fruits. They drink daily and are active in the morning, late afternoon and evening. The species shows long-term loyalty to its home range, and some animals remain in the same area for up to eight years.
Social Structure, Reproduction and Defence
Herd Dynamics, Calves and Predator Response
Waterbok form herds of 5–12 animals, usually led by a dominant male with females and their young. Males without harems live in bachelor groups of up to 40 animals. Some individuals live alone when excluded from a group. Males are territorial and defend access to females and key areas.
After a gestation of more than eight months, a single calf is born. The calf remains hidden for about two weeks and then joins the herd. Calves are weaned at six months, and females reach full maturity at three years. Waterbok can live up to 18 years.
When threatened, waterbok often flee into tall grass or dense bushes. They may also hide in water with only their nostrils above the surface. They show little fear of crocodiles. Main predators include hyenas, cheetahs and lions.
